Hasanah, Uswatun (2013) Potensi Beberapa Jenis Gulma Berdaun Lebar sebagai Sumber Inokulum pada Proses Penularan Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) untuk Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) merupakan virus patogen utama pada tanaman tomat dan dapat menjadi penghambat pada usaha peningkatan produksi. CMV dapat ditularkan oleh serangga vektor secara non-persisten. Sumber inokulum CMV adalah tanaman tomat dan gulma-gulma yang sakit. Oleh karena itu, perlu diketahui jenis-jenis gulma berdaun lebar apa saja yang dapat diinfeksi oleh CMV dan dapat menjadi sumber inokulum CMV bagi tanaman tomat, Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis-jenis gulma berdaun lebar pada tanaman tomat yang dapat menjadi inang alternatif CMV dan berpotensi sebagai sumber inokulum pada proses penularan CMV ke tanaman tomat. Percobaan dilakukan dua tahap. Tahap pertama; inventarisasi, identifikasi, dan pengujian gulma berdaun lebar yang dapat menjadi inang alternatif CMV. Inventarisasi gulma berdaun lebar dilakukan dengan survei pada pertanaman tomat di desa Tegalweru, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Identifikasi gulma dilakukan di Laboratorium Sumberdaya Lingkungan, Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Inokulasi CMV secara mekanik pada gulma-gulma yang sudah diidentifikasi dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Hasil percobaan tahap pertama menunjukkan bahwa gulma Commelina benghalensis, Ageratum conyzoides, Emilia sonchifolia, dan Portulaca oleraceae dapat diinfeksi CMV, sedangkan Synedrrella nodiflora dan Commelina diffusa tidak dapat diinfeksi CMV. Gulma-gulma yang dapat diinfeksi CMV tersebut selanjutnya digunakan untuk percobaan tahap kedua. Percobaan tahap kedua dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi C. benghalensis, A. conyzoides, E. sonchifolia, dan P. oleraceae sebagai sumber inokulum virus pada penularan CMV ke tanaman tomat. Percobaan menggunakan dua cara. Cara pertama, membandingkan intensitas tanaman tomat yang sakit hasil penularan CMV melalui vektor Myzus persicae dari empat gulma sakit tersebut di atas sebagai sumber inokulum CMV. Cara pertama ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Cara kedua adalah membandingkan nilai Indeks Infektivitas virus menurut Diener (1979). Percobaan dilakukan di rumah kaca Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa P. oleraceae merupakan gulma yang lebih berpotensi sebagai sumber inokulum CMV untuk tanaman tomat dibandingkan dengan tiga jenis gulma lainnya. Hasil penularan CMV dari P. oleraceae ke tanaman tomat mencapai 43,33% dengan indeks infektivitas virus 79. Sedangkan hasil penularan CMV dari gulma C. benghalensis, A. conyzoide dan E. sonchifolia berturut-turut 30%, 23,33% dan 13,33% dengan indeks infektivitas berturut-turut 67; 41 dan 21
English Abstract
Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) is a major pathogen causing an important disease in tomato. CMV can be transmitted by insect vectors in a non-persistent manner. CMV have weeds as alternative hosts, that provide a reservoir of virus from which crops may become infected. It is important to identify weeds as a source of infection from which the CMV spreads into or within potatoes in the field. The objective of the experiments were to determine the potential weeds as the alternative hosts or as sources of infection in the transmission process of CMV to the tomato plants. The experiments were conducted in two stages. First, the collection, identification, and evaluation of weeds that play role as hosts and sources of CMV infection to the tomato crops. The survey of weeds was conducted on tomato crops in the Tegalweru, Dau district, Malang regency. The identification of the weeds were done in the Laboratory of Environmental Resources, Department of Agronomy, Brawijaya University. The mechanical inoculation of CMV to identified weeds for virus hosts evaluation were conducted in the greenhouse of Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. The result of the first phase of experiment showed that Commelina benghalensis, Ageratum conyzoides, Emilia sonchifolia, and Portulaca oleraceae were identified as tomato weeds and could be infected by CMV through artificial inoculation, while Synedrella nodiflora and Commelina diffusa were identified as potato weeds that could not be infected by CMV. Then those infected-weeds used for the second phase of the experiment. The second phase of the experiment was conducted to determine the potential of C. benghalensis, A. conyzoides, E. sonchifolia, and P. oleraceae as a source of CMV infection on tomato plants. The experiment was conducted in two methods. The first method was comparing the intensity of diseased tomato plants as the results of CMV transmission from those diseased-weeds as sources of virus by Myzus persicae vector. For this study, the completely randomized design (CRD) was used. The second method was conducted by comparing the value of viral infectivity index according to Diener (1979). The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State of Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang. The results of the experiment showed that P. oleraceae had higher potential as a source of CMV infection than the other weeds with 43.33% of potatoes were successfully infected and the infectivity index of CMV was 79. Whereas the results of CMV transmission from diseased-C. benghalensis, A. conyzoide and E. sonchifolia to potatoes were 30%, 23,33% and 13,33% with the virus infectivity index were 67, 41 and 21, respectively.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2013/138/051307112 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Nov 2013 09:55 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 02:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129251 |
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