Analisis Ketahanan Pangan Pada Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Metode Budidaya Sri (System Of Rice Intensification) Di Desa Ngadimulyo, Kecamatan Sukorejo, Kabupaten Pasuruan.

Ardiansyah, Luthfi (2011) Analisis Ketahanan Pangan Pada Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Metode Budidaya Sri (System Of Rice Intensification) Di Desa Ngadimulyo, Kecamatan Sukorejo, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Konsep ketahanan pangan dalam Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1996 Tentang Pangan, didefinisikan sebagai suatu kondisi terpenuhinya kebutuhan pangan bagi rumah tangga yang tercermin dari tersedianya pangan yang cukup, baik jumlah maupun mutunya, aman, merata dan terjangkau. Definisi tersebut membagi ketahanan pangan atas beberapa subsistem diantaranya; subsistem ketersediaan, distribusi, dan konsumsi pangan. Subsistem ketersediaan pangan mencakup aspek produksi, cadangan serta keseimbangan antara impor dan ekspor pangan. Distribusi pangan mencakup aksesibilitas fisik (mudah terjangkau) dan ekonomi (terjangkau daya beli). Sedangkan konsumsi pangan mencakup mutu dan keamanan serta kecukupan gizi individu (Maleha, dkk., 2003; Pribadi, 2005 dalam Ariani, 2008; Hanani, 2009). Untuk mewujudkan ketahanan pangan pada aspek ketersediaan pangan masih terdapat sejumlah permasalahan, diantaranya adalah lambatnya pertumbuhan produksi pangan rata-rata kurang dari 1%, sedangkan pertumbuhan penduduk meningkat 1,2% setiap tahun (Suryana, 2005; Hanani, 2009). Selain itu, menurunnya kualitas dan kesuburan lahan akibat kerusakan lingkungan serta semakin terbatasnya lahan pertanian akibat alih fungsi lahan (Nainggolan, 2008). Salah satu upaya untuk memperbaiki kondisi lahan agar produksi dan produktivitasnya meningkat adalah melalui penerapan metode budidaya SRI ( System of Rice Intensification ). Kasubdit Optimalisasi Lahan Direktorat Pengelolaan Departemen Pertanian dalam Prasetya Online (2009) menyatakan, meningkatnya produktivitas padi dan produksi gabah melalui SRI dinilai mampu mendukung ketahanan pangan. Desa Ngadimulyo merupakan salah satu desa di Kabupaten Pasuruan yang menerapkan metode SRI dan memiliki potensi pangan pokok (Lokononto, 2008, dan Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Pemprov. Jatim, 2009). Melalui penerapan SRI, mengindikasikan adanya kontribusi dalam mewujudkan ketahanan pangan melalui subsistem ketersediaan pangan dengan peningkatan produksi padi yang dihasilkan. Meskipun demikian, peningkatan produksi yang dihasilkan tidaklah berarti menunjukkan bahwa seluruh masyarakat mampu menikmati hasil tersebut atau bahkan terbebas dari kekurangan pangan. Sebagaimana diungkapkan Braun, dkk. (1992) dalam Rachman, dkk. (2008); Saliem, dkk. (2001) dalam Purwantini (2008); Maleha, dkk. (2003); Rachman (2004); dan Hanani (2009), persediaan pangan yang cukup di tingkat nasional maupun regional tidak menjamin kecukupan pangan pada tingkat rumah tangga atau individu. Hal tersebut perlu diimbangi dengan subsistem distribusi agar peningkatan produksi dapat terdistribusi merata dan terjangkau pada tiap rumah tangga. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis ketersediaan pangan pada rumah tangga petani padi dengan metode SRI ( System of Rice Intensification ) di daerah penelitian; (2) mengidentifikasi distribusi pangan hasil panen padi SRI di daerah penelitian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penentuan lokasi dilakukan secara purposive (sengaja) di Desa Ngadimulyo, Kecamatan Sukorejo, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Desa Ngadimulyo merupakan salah satu desa yang sebagian petaninya telah menerapkan metode SRI dalam budidaya padinya (PPK Sampoerna, 2009). Jenis data yang digunakan meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan petani dan lembaga pemasaran, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari lembaga yang terkait misalnya: Kantor Desa, Kecamatan, dan Badan Pusat Statistik, serta Instansi terkait lainnya. Penetapan sampel menggunakan metode Simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 30 orang petani padi SRI. Sedangkan lembaga pemasarannya menggunakan metode snowball sampling . Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif. Dimana rasio antara konsumsi normatif dan produksi digunakan sebagai indikator. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik responden berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan, sekitar 66,67 persen adalah tamatan Sekolah Dasar. Tingkat pendidikan responden yang rendah berimplikasi terhadap rendahnya adopsi inovasi teknologi. Berdasarkan usia responden, sekitar 43,33 persen responden didominasi oleh petani berusia 50 hingga 59 tahun. Semakin tua usia responden berimplikasi terhadap semakin lambannya adopsi inovasi. Berdasarkan lama berusahatani, sekitar 43,33 persen responden berusahatani selama 25 tahun. Lamanya petani berusahatani berimplikasi terhadap kemudahan menerapkan inovasi. Berdasarkan luas lahan garapan, sekitar 50 persen responden memiliki lahan garapan seluas 0,5 hektar per orang. Sempitnya luas lahan garapan berimplikasi lambannya dalam mengadopsi inovasi. Berdasarkan jenis usaha, sekitar 83,33 persen responden menjadikan usahatani sebagai usaha atau pekerjaan utama. Usahatani sebagai usaha atau pekerjaan utama berimplikasi terhadap ketersediaan pangan. Berdasarkan jumlah anggota rumah tangga, sekitar 53,33 persen responden memiliki anggota rumah tangga sebanyak 3 hingga 4 jiwa per rumah tangga. Tingginya jumlah anggota rumah tangga berimplikasi terhadap bertambahnya jumlah kebutuhan konsumsi rumah tangga. Ketersediaan pangan rumah tangga petani padi dengan metode budidaya SRI mengalami surplus. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai ketersediaan pangan rata-rata rumah tangga ( AV ) yang diperoleh hasil penelitian sebesar 0,1. Artinya adalah konsumsi normatif rata-rata rumah tangga petani sudah terpenuhi dengan 0,1 bagian dari produksi rata-rata rumah tangga yang dihasilkan. Implikasi surplus pada ketersediaan pangan beras pada rumah tangga menunjukkan kondisi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga termasuk rumah tangga tahan pangan. Disamping itu, fenomena dilapang menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anggota rumah tangga yang kecil belum tentu memiliki rasio ketersediaan (R AV ) kecil pula. Karena hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah anggota rumah tangga 5 jiwa per rumah tangga memiliki rasio ketersediaan (R AV ) yang kecil pula seperti pada rumah tangga yang beranggotakan 2 jiwa per rumah tangga yaitu 0,08. Sedangkan hasil identifikasi distribusi, diketahui bahwa hasil panen padi SRI di daerah penelitian terdistribusi ke dalam desa. Hal ini ditunjukkan sekitar 96,66 persen petani menjual hasil panennya kepada pedagang dalam desa. Kemudian, pedagang dalam desa menjual dalam bentuk beras kepada pedagang pengecer dalam desa, dan dijual kembali kepada konsumen beras dalam desa. Sedangkan Unit penggilingan

English Abstract

The concept of food security in law No. 7 1996 regarding food, is defined as a condition for the fulfillment of food needs for households as reflected in availability of sufficient food, both quantity and quality, safe, and also can be reached by everyone. From this definition, the concept of food security can be broken down into three subsystems are: subsystem of availability, distribution, and consumption. Subsystem of availability of food is includes aspect of production, reserves of food and equilibrium between exports and imports of food aspect. Distribution of food is includes physical accessibility (reachable to get) and economic accessibility (reachable to buy). And then, consumption subsystem consists of quality, safety and sufficiency of nutrition individually (Maleha, et al., 2003; Pribadi, 2005 in Ariani, 2008; Hanani, 2009). In completing food security on availability aspect, still there are any problems, one of those is growth of food production thas is still low (average less than 1 percent), otherwise, growth of population rate increase 1,2 pencent every year (Suryana, 2005; Hanani, 2009). Besides that, degradation of quality and fertility of land because of environment disasters and limitation on agricultural land because of changing function of land (Nainggolan, 2008). One of ways to cure condition of land, so that its production and productivity will be increased, is by implementing System of Rice Intensification (SRI) cultivation method. Head Office of Directory of Land Optimizing of Indonesian Agriculture Department in Prasetya Online (2009), state that increasing on rice productivity and unhulledrice production through SRI implementation can support national food security. Ngadimulyo village is one of villages in Pasuruan Regency which implements SRI cultivation method and has potency on primary food (Lokononto, 2008; and Department of Communication and Information of East Java Goverment). Implementation of SRI, indicates that there is contribution of completing food security through subsystem of availability of food with increasing of rice production. Nevertheless, this increasing on production does not mean that all of people can get benefit from it; or even free from food shortage. Stated by Braun, et al. (1992) on Rachman, et al. (2008); Saliem, et al. (2001) on Purwantini (2008); Maleha, et al. (2003); Rachman (2004); and Hanani (2009), that sufficient food supplies in national or regional level does not give guarantee for food sufficiency in household or individual level. It has to be balanced with subsystem of distribution so that increasing on production can be distributed fairly and reachable for each household. So, this research has purposes as follows: (1) to analyze food availability on household of rice farmers with SRI cultivation method on location of research, (2) to identify food distribution of SRI rice product on location of study. Method of research which is used in location determining is purposively, on Ngadimulyo Village, Sukorejo Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency. This village is one of villages in which more than half of farmers have implemented SRI cultivation method on their farming (PPK Sampoerna, 2009). Kinds of data that is used consists of primary and secondary data. Primary data is gotten through interview to farmers and marketing institutions, thus secondary data is gotten from related institutions, such as: Village Office, Subdistrict, and Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), etc. Sample determination used simple random sampling method to determine thirty farmers, Thus to determine sample for marketing institution uses snowball sampling method. Method of data analysis used is analysis statistics descriptive, uses indicator of ratio between normative consumption and its production. The results of research showed that characteristics of respondents according to level of education, approximately 66,67 percent of respondents were graduates of elementary school. The low education level of respondents who have implications for the low adoption of technological innovation. Based on the age of respondents, approximately 43,33 percent respondents was dominated by farmers aged 50 to 59 years. The older of respondent has implications for innovation adoption is slow. Based on old farming, approximately 43,33 percent respondent had experience of farming for 25 years. The longer of peasant farming has implications for slow in adopting innovations. Based on wide arable of land, approximately 50 percent respondent have a wide arable of land of 0,5 hectares per person. The narrowness of arable land have implications for slow in adopting innovations. Based on type of business, approximately 83,33 percent respondents to make farming as a primary business. Faming as a primary business implications for food availability. While characteristics of respondent based on quantity of household members, approximately 53,33 percent respondent have household mebers as much as 3 to 4 people per household. The high number of household members has implications for increasing quantity of household consumption needs. And then, based on result of analysis of food availability by using ratio between normative consumption and production as an indicator of food availability is known that domestic rice farmers with SRI cultivation method have excess or surplus food. This is shown by average value of household food availability ( AV ) obtained results of 0,1. This means that average normative consumption of household can be fulfilled with 0,1 parts of average production of household. Implications of surplus rice in food availability at household level indicate the condition of household food security, including type of household food stand. Besides that, a phenomenon in field showed that small number of household members do not always have a ratio of availability ( AV ) is also small. Because, result of analysis indicate that household have a number of household members as much as 5 people per household has ratio of availability ( AV ) is small also, as in household who has number of household members as much as 2 people per household has ratio value of food availability of 0,08. While the results of the identification of distribution, it is known that distribution of food SRI rice yields in the study area distributed into village. This indicated approximately 96,66 percent of farmers sell their crops to traders in the village. Then, traders in the village to sell in form of rice to retailers in village, and resold to consumers of rice in village. While the rice milling unit or RMU in distribution only has a role in processing paddy into rice. Thus it can be suggested (1) to farmers to keep maintaining their food surplus and keep having remain of their harvest. (2) due to limitations in this research that focuses only on household SRI rice farmers who have land, then for further research to develop household food security of rice farmers using SRI cultivation method and without using it, before using SRI cultivation method and using it, or analysis of food security in rural household, both of which have a farm or who do not have it. (3) in addition, can also be analyzed more in distribution of agricultural production of food. Because of limitations in this study examined distribution of food is still at stage of identification.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FP/2011/214/051104059
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agribisnis
Depositing User:	Endang Susworini
Date Deposited:	20 Mar 2012 11:21
Last Modified:	20 Apr 2022 02:00
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/128724

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