Aziza, Rizky (2018) Potensi Antagonis Bakteri Toleran Salin Terhadap Ralstonia Solanacearum Secara In Vitro Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Tomat Dibawah Cekaman Salin. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tomat merupakan komoditas hortikultura di Indonesisa yang banyak diperdagangkan. Menurut data Kementerian (2017), produksi dan produktivitas tomat di Indonesia tahun 2014 hingga 2016 mengalami penurunan dari 916 ton dan 15,5 ton/ha, menjadi 873 ton dan 15,3 ton/ha. Cekaman salinitas merupakan salah satu faktor abiotik yang mampu menekan pertumbuhan tanaman tomat, serta dapat menurunkan kemampuan tanaman untuk mencegah infeksi patogen penyebab penyakit. Penyakit layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman tomat di Indonesia karena dapat menyebabkan kegagalan panen. Metode pengendalian penyakit layu bakteri yang telah dilakukan salah satunya adalah menggunakan agens hayati yang bersifat antagonis terhadap patogen. Beberapa bakteri yang hidup di lahan salin dapat berperan sebagai agen antagonis untuk menghambat patogen, serta berperan sebagai PGPR pada kondisi salin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi antagonis bakteri toleran salin terhadap patogen Ralstonia solanacearum dan pengaruhnya terhadap perkecambahan benih tomat dibawah cekaman salin. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Maret sampai November 2017 di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Tahap penelitian yaitu: 1) Seleksi 9 isolat bakteri toleran salin terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan benih tomat dibawah cekaman salin. 2) Seleksi antagonis 9 isolat bakteri toleran salin terhadap R. solanacearum secara in vitro. 3) Identifikasi bakteri toleran salin. Tahap uji antagonis menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 11 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, sedangkan tahap seleksi bakteri melalui uji kecambah menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan 2 faktor perlakuan, yaitu bakteri dan kadar salinitas. Perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Variabel yang diamati antara lain panjang hipokotil, panjang akar, persentase perkecambahan, dan indeks penghambatan yang dihasilkan bakteri antagonis terhadap patogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari ketiga parameter (persentase perkecambahan, panjang hipokotil, dan panjang akar perkecambahan) dalam pengamatan seleksi peningkatan pertumbuhan benih tomat dibawah cekaman salin, isolat bakteri yang konsisten menunjukkan hasil terbaik yaitu SN1, SN7, dan SN23 pada cekaman salinitas 5 dS/m, sedangkan pada salinitas 7,5 dS/m hasil terbaik pada perlakuan SN1, SN6, SN13. Penghambatan terbaik bakteri toleran salin secara in vitro terhadap perkembangan R. solanacearum adalah isolat SN7. Namun, perlakuan tertinggi ada pada perlakuan kontrol positif (Streptomycin) dibandingkan perlakuan bakteri toleran salin. Hasil identifikasi menurut pedoman Schaad, menunjukkan bahwa isolat SN1: Corynebacterium, SN2: Corynebacterium, SN6: Bacillus sp., SN7: Erwinia sp., SN13: Streptomyces sp., SN15: Corynebacterium, SN22: Bacillus sp., SN23: Corynebacterium, dan SN26: Bacillus sp.
English Abstract
Tomato is a horticultural commodity which is widely traded in Indonesia. According to ministry of Indonesia, production and productivity of tomatoes in Indonesia from 2014 to 2016 decreased from 916 tons and 15.5 tons/ha, became 873 tons and 15,3 tons/ha. Salinity is one of the abiotic factors that can suppress the growth of tomato plants, and reduce the ability of plants to prevent disease-causing pathogenic infections. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of important desease of tomato in Indonesia, because it can cause crop failure. The use of biological agents to against pathogens antagonistically is one of method to control bacterial wilt that has been done recently. Some bacteria that live in the saline soil may act as antagonist agents to inhibit pathogens, and as PGPR under saline conditions. This research purposes to determine potential antagonist of salt-tolerant bacteria againts Ralstonia solanacearum, and their effect on germination of tomato seeds under saline stress. The research was done from March to November 2017 at Plant Disease Laboratory Department of Plant Pest and Disease Faculty of Agriculture Brawijaya University, Malang. The research stages were: 1) Selection of 9 isolates of salt-tolerant bacteria to increase growth of tomato seeds under saline stress. 2) Antagonists test 9 isolates of salt-tolerant bacteria to R. solanacearum in vitro. 3) Identification of salt-tolerant bacteria. Antagonist test used completely randomized design, with 11 treatments and 4 repetition. Selection salt-tolerant bacteria through germination test used completely randomized factorial design with 2 factor of treatment, bacteria and salinity level. The treatments were repeated 3 times. The variables observed were germination percentage, hypocotyl length, root length and index of inhibition produced by antagonistic bacteria against pathogen Ralstonia solanacearun. The results showed from three parameters (percentage of germination, hypocotyl length, and root length) in germination test of tomato seeds under saline stress, isolates of bacteria that showed the best results consistently on salinity 5 dS/m are SN1, SN7, and SN23, and on salinity 7,5 dS/m are SN1, SN6, and SN13. The best inhibition of salt-toleran bacteria againts Ralstonia solanacearum in vitro is SN7. However, the highest inhibition was showed by positive-control treatment (Streptomycin) compared with salt-tolerant bacteria. The identification results of salt-toleran bacteria according to Schaad guidelines were showed as follow: SN1: Corynebacterium, SN2: Corynebacterium, SN6: Bacillus sp., SN7: Erwinia sp., SN13: Streptomyces sp., SN15: Corynebacterium, SN22: Bacillus sp., SN23: Corynebacterium, dan SN26: Bacillus sp
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/199/051803037 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.64 Other garden fruits > 635.642 Tomatoes > 635.642 9 Tomatoes (Injuries, diseases, pests) > 635.642 93 Tomatoes (Diseases) > 635.642 932 Tomatoes (Bacterial diseases) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 25 May 2018 03:11 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 07:58 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/11067 |
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