Wedingtyas, Putri (2018) Keanekaragaman Jamur Entomopatogen Di Lahan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Pt. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk Pada Berbagai Jarak Dari Habitat Alami. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Salah satu tantangan dari peningkatan produktivitas kelapa sawit adalah adanya serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT), khususnya hama. Keberadaan habitat alami atau hutan di sekitar lahan pertanian memiliki peranan yang sangat penting yaitu mendukung keberadaan musuh alami hama, serangga penyerbuk dan serangga berguna lain. Di perkebunan kelapa sawit, keberadaan habitat alami masih belum terlalu diperhitungkan dalam meningkatkan produktivitas sawit. PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk merupakan salah satu perusahaan perkebunan kelapa sawit yang mengembangkan pemanfaatan Agens Hayati dalam upaya pengendalian OPT. Namun belum adanya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh jarak dari habitat alami pada keberagaman jamur entomopatogen yang tersedia di PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jamur entomopatogen dari berbagai variasi jarak dari habitat alami di perkebunan kelapa sawit milik PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perkebunan kelapa sawit milik PT. Astra Agro Lestari Tbk. Kalimantan Tengah, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi PT. Astra Agro Lestari dan Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian dimulai pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Oktober 2017. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode umpan serangga dan plot pengamatan ditentukan secara purposive sampling yaitu perkebunan kelapa sawit yang telah menghasilkan dan memiliki umur ± 10 tahun. Perlakuan yang diberikan dengan membandingkan pengaruh lokasi lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit sehingga terbentuk 3 plot pengamatan berdasarkan jarak yaitu, dekat (< 200 m), sedang (sekitar 2 km) dan jauh (sekitar 5 km) dari habitat alami. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada empat lokasi habitat alami yang berbeda. Hasil isolasi umpan serangga kemudian dimurnikan dan dilakukan pengamatan secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis yang selanjutnya diidentifikasi berdasarkan panduan identifikasi jamur Barnett dan Hunter (1998) dan Watanabe (2002). Hasil yang diperoleh disajikan berupa data deskriptif, perhitungan keanekaragaman Shannon dan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Dari hasil isolasi umpan serangga yang dilakukan pada tanah dari lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit PT. Astra agro Lestari didapat 13 isolat jamur entomopatogen. Dari hasil identifikasi jenis jamur yang didapat diantaranya Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Gliocladium sp., Penicillium sp., Trichocladium sp., Trichoderma sp., dan isolat tidak teridentifikasi. Indeks keanekaragaman jamur entomopatogen yang ditemukan di lahan kelapa sawit PT. Astra Agro lestari di jarak dekat dan sedang memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman sedang sedangkan pada lahan yang jaraknya jauh dari habitat alami memiliki keberagaman yang rendah. Dari hasil uji virulensi jamur entomopatogen ke serangga uji T.molitor tidak ada satupun jamur yang berhasil menginfeksi serangga uji.
English Abstract
One of the challenges of increasing palm oil productivity is the attack of plant pest organisms (OPT), especially pests. The existence of natural habitats or forests around agricultural land has a very important role that supports natural natural flavor of pests, pollinating insects and other creatures. In oil palm plantations, natural habitat habitats are not yet taken into account in increasing palm productivity. PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk is one of the oil palm plantation companies that develop the protection of Biological Agent in the effort of pest control. However, there is no further research on the effect of distance from the natural habitat on the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi available at PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. This study aims to determine the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi from a variety of distances from the natural habitat of oil palm plantations owned by PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. The research was conducted in oil palm plantation owned by PT. Astra Agro Lestari Tbk. Central Kalimantan, Microbiology Laboratory PT. Astra Agro Lestari and Biological Control Laboratory, Department of Pest and Disease of Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Brawijaya. The study was started from January to October 2017. This research was conducted by insect bait method with purposive sampling that is oil palm plantation which has age ± 10 years. The treatment provided by comparing the impacts on the location of oil palm plantations formed 3 observation plots based on that distance, close (<200 m), medium (about 2 km) and far (about 5 km) from natural habitat. Sampling was conducted at four different natural habitat locations. Result of the isolation from Infected insect bait was purified and then identified by macroscopic and microscopic observations, and carried out with guidance identification of fungi, Barnett and Hunter (1998) and Watanabe (2002). The results are presented descriptive data, calculation of Shannon's diversity and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results of insect bait isolation from oil palm plantations PT. Astra Agro Lestari obtained 13 isolates of entomopathogenic fungi. From the identification of fungi species obtained Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Gliocladium sp., Penicillium sp., Trichocladium sp., Trichoderma sp., and several isolates were not identified. Entomopathogenic fungi diversity index found in palm oil field PT. Astra Agro sustainably at close range and moderate levels of medium diversity while on lands far from natural habitats have low diversity. From the results of virulence test of entomopathogenic fungi to insects of T. molitor test there is no isolates fungi that successfully infect test insects.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/122/051802208 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing > 633.85 Plants producing nonvolatile oils > 633.851 Oil palms |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 23 May 2018 02:56 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 04:10 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/10904 |
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