Windari, Anna (2018) Keanekaragaman Rayap Dan Semut Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Pt. Astra Agro Lestari Di Kalimantan Tengah. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Serangga sosial adalah serangga yang hidup dalam sebuah koloni bekerja sama membangun sarang dengan peranannya masing-masing. Rayap (Isoptera), semut (Hymenoptera) dan lebah (Hymenoptera) adalah serangga sosial yang ditemukan di alam. Faktor yang mempengaruhi keberadaan rayap dan semut di ekosistem pertanian salah satunya adalah habitat alami. Perubahan ekosistem hutan menjadi ekosistem pertanian, khususnya pertanaman kelapa sawit mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini menyebabkan penurunan keanekaragaman hayati. Oleh karena itu, perlunya mengetahui keanekaragaman rayap dan semut di perkebunan kelapa sawit pada jarak yang berbeda dari habitat alami untuk mempertahankan biodiversitas dan menunjang produktivitas tanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan komposisi rayap dan semut di perkebunan kelapa sawit pada jarak yang berbeda dari habitat alami. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perkebunan kelapa sawit PT Astra Agro Lestari Kalimantan Tengah. Pengambilan sampel rayap dan semut dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Mei 2017. Plot pengamatan terdiri dari 4 habitat alami yaitu Agro Menara Rahmat, Gunung Sejahtera Yoli Makmur Barat, Gunung Sejahtera Yoli Makmur Timur dan Gunung Sejahtera Puti Pesona. Metode yang digunakan adalah umpan kayu dan koleksi langsung. Selain itu juga dilakukan pengukuran iklim mikro dan analisis vegetasi. Plot pengamatan berukuran 60 m x 60 m yang terdiri dari 35 pohon sawit dengan 6 sub plot sebagai unit pengambilan sampel. Sub plot rayap dan semut berada diantara 2 pohon sawit yang berukuran 5 m x 5 m. Di setiap sub plot dipasang umpan 1 buah kayu pinus, yang ditanam sedalam 25 cm. Kayu pinus yang sudah dipasang selama 1 bulan diambil dan diganti dengan yang baru. Sedangkan untuk koleksi langsung rayap dan semut dilakukan disekitar sub plot yang telah dipasang umpan kayu. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap sebulan sekali selama tiga bulan. Sampel rayap dan semut yang telah didapatkan, dimasukkan ke tabung plastik yang berisi alkohol 70%. Untuk selanjutnya dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dilakukan pemisahan dan identifikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh 9 spesies rayap dari 2 famili. Spesies rayap yang teridentifikasi yaitu Macrotermes sp.01, Microtermes sp.01, Microtermes sp.02, Odontotermes sp.01, Odontotermes sp.02, Pericapritermes sp.01, Termes sp.01, Schedorhinotermes sp.01 dan Schedorhinotermes sp.02. Keanekaragaman spesies rayap di perkebunan kelapa sawit tidak dipengaruhi oleh jarak dari habitat alami dan waktu pengamatan yang berbeda. Walaupun demikian pada jarak jauh dan sedang komposisi spesies rayap ditemukan lebih tinggi (71,4%) dibandingkan jarak jauh dan dekat dari habitat alami (60,0%). Spesies rayap yang dominan di kelapa sawit adalah Macrotermes sp.01 (26,4%) dan Schedorhinotermes sp.01 (20,8%). Sedangkan semut yang diperoleh sebanyak 38 spesies dari 6 sub famili. Semut yang dominan di kelapa sawit yaitu Pheidole sp.02 (75,0%), Tetramorium sp.03 (63,8%) dan Odontoponera sp.01 (62,5%). Keanekaragaman spesies semut di perkebunan kelapa sawit juga tidak dipengaruhi oleh jarak dari habitat alami dan waktu pengamatan yang berbeda. Walaupun demikian pada jarak jauh dan sedang komposisi spesies semut ditemukan lebih tinggi (81,5%) dibandingkan jarak sedang dan dekat dari habitat alami (74,6%). Rayap dan semut memiliki pola keanekaragaman yang sama di perkebunan kelapa sawit tidak dipengaruhi oleh kebun sawit dengan habitat alami. Walaupun demikian spesies tertentu hanya ditemukan pada jarak tertentu seperti rayap yaitu Odontotermes sp.02 dan semut yaitu Solenopsis sp.01 yang hanya ditemukan pada perkebunan kelapa sawit yang jauh dari habitat alami.
English Abstract
Social insects are insects that live in a colony working together to build a nest with their respective roles. Termites (Isoptera), ants (Hymenoptera) and bees (Hymenoptera) are social insects that found in nature. One of factor that affect the presence of termites and ants in agricultural ecosystem is a natural habitat. Changes of forest ecosystem into agricultural ecosystem, particularly oil palm plantation, have increased. This case caused the decrease of biodiversity. Therefore, the diversity about termites and ants in oil palm plantations at different distance from natural habitat need to know to maintain the biodiversity and to support the productivity of oil palm crops. This objective of this research was to study about diversity and composition of termites and ants in oil palm plantations at different distances from natural habitat. The research was conducted in oil palm plantation of PT Astra Agro Lestari in Central Kalimantan. Sample of termites and ants took on in January to May 2017. The observation plot consists of 4 natural habitat there were Agro Menara Rahmat, Gunung Sejahtera Yoli Makmur West, Gunung Sejahtera Yoli Makmur East and Gunung Sejahtera Puti Pesona. The method used wooden bait and direct collection. In other side, micro climate and analysis of vegetation were also measured. The observation plot were about 60 m x 60 m in length consist of 35 palm trees with 6 sub plots as sampling units. Sub plots of termites and ants were place between 2 palm trees about 5 m x 5 m in wide. In each sub plot installed 1 pine wood as bait, that planted as deep as 25 cm. Pine wood that has been planted for 1 month than taken and replaced with a new 1. Bait wood that has been installed for 1 month taken and replaced with a new one. While to direct collection of termites and ants was conducted at around the sub plots that have been installed with pine wood. The observations was condacted once a month for three months. Samples of termites and ants that have been collected then inserted into a tube containing 70% alcohol. The sample of termites and ants then carried into laboratory to determination and identification. Based on the results the number of termites that found on oil palm plantation were 9 species from 2 families. The termite species that identificated were Macrotermes sp.01, Microtermes sp.01, Microtermes sp.02, Odontotermes sp.01, Odontotermes sp.02, Pericapritermes sp.01, Termes sp.01, Schedorhinotermes sp.01, and Schedorhinotermes sp.02. The diversity of termite species in oil palm plantation was not affected by the distantes of oil palm plantation from natural habitat and different time of observation. However, on the long and medium distance, composition of termites species was higher (71,4%) then at long distance and near distance from natural habitat (60,0%). Termites species found dominant in oi palm was Macrotermes sp.01 (26,4%) and Schedorhinotermes sp.01 (20,8%). While the ants that found in oil palm plantation were 38 species from 6 sub families. The dominant ants found in oil palm were Pheidole sp.02 (75,0%), Tetramorium sp.03 (63,8%), Odontoponera sp.01 (62,5%). The diversity of ant species in oil palm plantation also not affected by the distance from natural habitat and different observation times. However, on the long and medium distance, composition of ants species was higer (81,5%) than at medium and near distance from natural habitat. Termites and ants have the same pattern on the oil palm plantation and affected by natural habitat. The certain species was found on the certain distance like termites Odontotermes sp.02 and ants Solenopsis sp.01 that only found in oil palm plantation that long from natural habitat.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/5/051801490 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing > 633.85 Plants producing nonvolatile oils > 633.851 Oil palms |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 23 May 2018 01:52 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 23:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/10882 |
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