Rais, Muh. Alief (2018) Kualitas Tanah Di Berbagai Sistem Agroforestri Kakao Persepsi Petani Kakao Di Kabupaten Konawe Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memegang peranan penting perekenomian Indonesia, karena merupakan tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan oleh petani tanaman tahunan indonesia. Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara salah satu sentra dan wilayah potensial pengembang serta paling banyak ditanam oleh petani adalah tanaman kakao. Petani mempunyai pengetahuan mengelola lahannya yang diperoleh turun temurun dari nenek moyangnya, pada umumnya tidak terlalu banyak dihadapkan pada masalah di lapangan. Namun, adanya perubahan kondisi iklim, kondisi pasar dan kebijakan pemerintah menyebabkan masalah yang dihadapi petani semakin kompleks, sehingga pengetahuan lama yang telah dimilikinya menjadi kurang sesuai saat ini. Untuk itu diperlukan pengembangan pengetahuan baru yang selaras dengan kondisi iklim saat ini dan kondisi masyarakat lokal dan perlu dilakukan identifikasi pengetahuan ekologi lokal tentang kualitas tanah, indikator dan manajemennya yang diharapkan dapat di kombinasikan dengan pengetahuan ekologi modern sehingga dapat menunjang pengambilan keputusan dalam pengelolaan lahan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Konawe di Desa Wanuahoa dan Desa Lawonua. Penggalian data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan metode Indepth Interview terhadap 30 petani (15 petani per desa) pemilik lahan kakao agroforestri dengan pengamatan sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah yang dilakukan dengan pengambilan contoh di kedalaman 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm dan 20-30 cm. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa petani mengetahui kualitas tanah dengan istilah “tanah subur“, dan menunjukkan 6 indikator yaitu warna tanah, organisme tanah, performa tanaman, kegemburan tanah, ada tidaknya batu/ krikil/pasir dan hasil panen. Secara PEM penentuan warna tanah menggunakan Munsell soil Colour Chart, warna tanah pada lahan kakao agroforestri kompleks rata-rata memiliki warna yang gelap rentang warna 10 YR 6/4 – 10 YR 3/2 (dull yellow orange - dark), pada lahan kakao agroforestri sederhana memiliki rentan warna dari 10 YR 5/8 – 10 YR 4/2 (brown – grayish yellow brown). Kascing pada lahan agroforestri kakao kompleks dan sederhana di Kabupaten Konawe memiliki berat kering rata-rata 1079,63 kg ha-1. Contoh tanah yang di peroleh memiliki BI rata-rata 1.19 g cm-3 sehigga dapat dikatakan bahwa tanah di Desa Lawounua dan Desa Wanuahoa termasuk dalam kategori tanah yang padat. Produktivitas tanaman kakao di Desa Lawonua menghasilkan biji kakao kering dengan berat rata-rata 277,5 kg ha-1th-1 dan di Desa Wanuahoa dapat menghasilkan biji kakao dengan berat kering rata-rata 190 kg ha-1th-1. Penurunan kualitas tanah di Kabupaten Konawe disebabkan oleh banyaknya biji kakao yang terangkut keluar lahan, selain itu juga di pengaruhi oleh berkurangnya pohon-pohon hutan yang merupakan sisa dari pembukaan lahan yang ditebang untuk keperluan petani. Hasil neraca hara menunujukkan masukan hara melalui pupuk organik, pupuk anorganik, kascing, serasah dan sisa panen mengalami surplus. Sehingga walaupun tanah di Kabupaten Konawe mengalami penurunan kualitas namun upaya petani tetap bisa menaggulanginya melalui teknik konservasi mereka.
English Abstract
Cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao L) is one of the plantation commodities that plays an important role of Indonesian economy, because that is a plant who is widely cultivated by the annual crop farmers of Indonesia. Southeast Sulawesi Province is one of the centers and potential areas of developers and is mostly grown by farmers are cocoa plants. Farmers have knowledge of managing their land acquired from their forefathers, generally not too much faced with problems in the field. However, changes in climatic conditions, market conditions and government policies cause the problems facing farmers increasingly complex, so the old knowledge has become less appropriate today. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new knowledge which is in line with the current climate condition and the condition of the local community and it is necessary to identify local ecological knowledge about soil quality, its indicators and management which are expected to be combined with modern ecological knowledge so that it can support decision making in land management. The research was conducted in Konawe District in Wanuahoa Village and Lawonua Village. Data were collected by interview with Indepth Interview method on 30 farmers (15 farmers per village) agroforestry cocoa farmer with observation of physical, chemical and biological character of the soil with sampling at depth 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20- 30 cm. The results showed that farmers knew the quality of soil with the term "fertile soil", and showed 6 indicators of soil color, soil organism, plant performance, soil disturbance, presence of rock / krikil / sand and crop. In PEM of soil color determination using Munsell soil Color Chart, the soil color in the agroforestry complex cocoa field on average has a dark color color range of 10 YR 6/4 - 10 YR 3/2 (dull yellow orange - dark), on the agroforestry cocoa field simple has a color fragile from 10 YR 5/8 - 10 YR 4/2 (brown - grayish yellow brown). Kascing on a complex and simple cocoa agroforestry field in Konawe District has an average dry weight of 1079,63 kg ha-1. Example of land acquired has an average BI of 1.19 g cm-3 so that it can be said that the land in Lawounua and Wanuahoa Village is included in the solid land category. The productivity of cocoa plants in Lawonua Village produces dry cocoa beans with an average weight of 277,5 kg ha-1th-1 and in Wanuahoa Village can produce cocoa beans with an average dry weight of 190 kg ha-1th-1. The decrease of soil quality in Konawe Regency is caused by the abundance of cocoa beans that are transported out of the field, but also influenced by the decrease of forest trees which is the rest of the cleared land for farmers. Nutrient balance yields nutrient input through organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, kascing, litter and crop residue have surplus. So even though the land in Konawe Regency has decreased the quality but farmers can still keep it through their conservation techniques.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/75/051802161 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.7 Alkaloidal crops > 633.74 Cacao |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 23 May 2018 00:52 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 02:22 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/10849 |
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