Prasetyorini, Intan (2020) Uji Antifungi Lima Ekstrak Tanaman Sebagai Fungisida Nabati Terhadap Penyakit Busuk Batang (Sclerotium Rolfsii Sacc.) Pada Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogea L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) merupakan komoditas kacang-kacangan kedua terpenting di Indonesia. Produksi kacang tanah di Indonesia pada rentang tahun 2013 hingga 2015 secara terus menerus mengalami penurunan. Patogen Sclerotium rolfsii menjadi salah satu penyebab penurunan produksi kacang tanah di Indonesia. Peningkatan penggunaan fungisida sintetik di Indonesia yang terjadi hingga mencapai lebih dari 10 – 20% per tahun, akhirnya mendorong Pemerintah Indonesia akhirnya mengeluarkan kebijakan nasional melalui program Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) yang memanfaatkan pestisida nabati dan agens pengendalian hayati. Penelitian mengenai fungisida nabati dari ekstrak bawang putih, lengkuas, daun sirih, dan ekstrak daun cengkeh terhadap beberapa jamur pantogen telah banyak dilakukan, namun informasi mengenai pengaruhnya terhadap pantogen S. rolfsii masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak serai wangi, lengkuas, bawang putih, sirih dan cengkeh dalam menekan S. rolfsii dan untuk mengetahui ekstrak tumbuhan yang paling berpengaruh dalam menekan S. rolfsii. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2018 hingga bulan Januari 2019 di Laboraturium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Laboraturium Toksikologi Pestisida Universitas Brawijaya. Alat yang digunakan selama penelitian adalah pisau, telenan, kamera, penggaris, timbangan analitik, blender, pinset, kompor, cutter, Erlenmeyer, botol fial, beaker glass, shaker, vacum rotary evaporator, Laminar Air Flow Cabinet (LAFC), autoclave, cork borer, jarum ose, bunsen, handsprayer, cawan petri dan gelas ukur. Bahan yang digunakan adalah bagian batang kacang tanah yang terserang penyakit busuk batang, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), spirtus, alkohol, kapas, tissue steril, akuades, daun sirih, lengkuas, cengkeh, serai wangi, bawang putih, kertas label, plastik wrap, alumunium foil, alkohol 70%, alkohol 96%, etanol 96%, khlorox dan kertas saring. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 pelakuan dan 4 ulangan. Aplikasi ekstrak nabati terhadap jamur patogen Sclerotium rolfsii menggunakan metode Food Poison Technique di media tumbuh Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan jamur patogen S. rolfsii yang terhambat terlihat dari perbedaan diameter jamur, persentase daya hambat serta berat kering miselium. Semakin tinggi kemampuan penghambatan maka semakin kecil diameter jamur patogen S. rolfsii dan semakin rendah berat kering miseliumnya. Penambahan ekstrak tanaman bawang putih, sirih dan cengkeh pada konsentrasi 3% mampu mengambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen S. rolfsii sebesar 100% sedangkan tingkat penghambatan terendah adalah pada penambahan ekstrak lengkuas yaitu sebesar 68.13%.
English Abstract
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the second most important legume commodity in Indonesia. Peanut production in Indonesia in the range of 2013 to 2015 has continued to decline. The pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the causes of the decline in peanut production in Indonesia. The increase in the use of synthetic fungicides in Indonesia, which has reached more than 10-20% per year, has finally led the Indonesian Government to finally issue a national policy through the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program that utilizes biopesticide and biological control agents. Research on biofungicide of extracts of garlic, galangal, betel leaf and clove leaf extract on several pathogen fungi has been widely carried out, but information on their effects on the pathogen S. rolfsii is still limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of citronella extract, galangal, garlic, betel and cloves in suppressing S. rolfsii and to find out the most influential plant extracts in suppressing S. rolfsii. The research was conducted in June 2018 until January 2019 in the Plant Disease Laboratory, Pesticides Toxicology Laboratory, Brawijaya University. The tools used during the study were knives, cutting boards, cameras, rulers, analytical scales, blenders, tweezers, stoves, cutters, Erlenmeyers, fial bottles, beaker cups, shakers, vacum rotary evaporators, Laminar Air Flow Cabinets (LAFC), autoclaves, corks, corks borer, ose needle, bunsen, handsprayer, petri dish and measuring cup. The materials used are the part of the stems of peanuts which are stricken with stem disease, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), methylated spirits, alcohol, cotton, tissue sterilization, distilled water, betel leaves, galangal, clove, lemongrass, garlic , label paper, plastic wrap, aluminum foil, 70% alcohol, 96% alcohol, 96% ethanol, chlorox and filter paper. This research was conducted in vitro using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Application of bio extracts against the pathogenic fungus S. rolfsii using the Food Poison Technique method in the growing media of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). The results showed that the inhibited growth of pathogenic S. rolfsii fungi was seen from differences in fungal diameter, percentage of servant power and mycelium dry weight. The higher the inhibitory ability, the smaller the diameter of the Sclerotium rolfsii pathogenic fungus and the lower mycelium dry weight. The addition of garlic, betel and clove plant extracts at a concentration of 3% was able to inhibit the growth of S. rolfsii pathogenic fungus by 100% while the lowest inhibitory rate was the addition of galangal extract that was equal to 68.13%.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2020/88/052003742 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 634 Orchards, fruits, forestry > 634.6 Tropical and subtropical fruits > 634.65 Papayas, avocados, mangosteens > 634.651 Papayas > 634.651 8 Special cultivation methods; Fertilizers, soil conditioners, growth regulators |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2020 06:44 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Oct 2024 02:04 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/181175 |
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