Lingga, Dinery Qiara (2018) Penambahan Residu Kelapa Sawit Ke Dalam Rorak Untuk Memperbaiki Kerapatan Cacing Tanah Dan Akar Tanaman Kelapa Sawit. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Salah satu manajemen yang telah dilakukan pihak perkebunan kelapa sawit untuk mengatasi masalah kekeringan dan kekurangan unsur hara adalah mengembalikan residu panen. Pelepah sawit yang dipangkas disusun di jalur gawangan mati serta membuat rorak diantara pohon kelapa sawit dan diisi dengan janjang kosong sawit. Pengembalian bahan organik ini akan mempengaruhi kerapatan akar kelapa sawit dan kehadiran makrofauna tanah, yaitu cacing tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi efek manajemen residu kelapa sawit terhadap perbaikan kualitas tanah dan kerapatan akar di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di PT. Sampoerna Agro Tbk, Kebun IPBD, Sumatera Selatan. Pengamatan akar dan cacing dilakukan pada kebun sawit umur 11 tahun. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah 3 jenis residu kelapa sawit yaitu: janjang kosong (JS), daun pelepah (DP), dan campuran janjang kosong dengan daun pelepah (JDP), dimasukkan ke dalam rorak (2m x 1,5m x 1m) dibandingkan dengan di luar rorak. Pengambilan contoh cacing tanah dilakukan dengan mengambil monolith tanah berukuran 50 cm x 50 cm pada kedalaman 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, dan 20-30 cm. Contoh akar dan cacing dipisahkan dari setiap potongan blok tanah dan ditetapkan: panjang total akar (root length density per soil volume, Lrv, satuan cm cm-3), dan berat kering akar (root dry weight per soil volume, Drv, satuan g cm-3), populasi cacing (ekor m-2) dan biomassa cacing (g m-2). Nilai rata-rata hasil pengukuran akar menunjukkan bahwa total panjang akar (Lrv) dan berat kering akar (Drv) di luar rorak lebih besar daripada di dalam rorak, masing-masing sebesar 0.29 cm cm-3 dan 0.002 g cm-3 dibandingkan dengan 0.19 cm cm-3 dan 0.0012 g cm-3. Penambahan bahan organik akan menambah kandungan Corg/Cref dan total N di dalam tanah yang akan meningkatkan perakaran (Lrv, R2=0,7444 dan Drv, R2=0,4762). Peningkatan kerapatan perakaran sawit terutama di lapisan bawah sangat dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi serapan air dan hara, sehingga adaptasi tanaman sawit terhadap kekeringan semakin meningkat. Hubungan jumlah dan biomassa cacing tanah dengan total C organik lemah (jumlah cacing, R2=0,2245 dan biomassa, R2=0,1653). Penambahan bahan organik tidak menambah jumlah cacing tanah, tetapi ukuran cacing yang ditemukan semakin besar (rata-rata B/P awal= 0,08 g ekor -1 menjadi 0,18 g ekor-1), kondisi tersebut berpotensi besar untuk meningkatkan ukuran pori makro dan infiltrasi tanah, sehingga meningkatkan daya adaptasi tanaman sawit terhadap kekeringan.
English Abstract
One effort that has been applied by the palm oil plantation to overcome the drought problem and lack of nutrients is by returning the harvest residue to the soil. The pruned palm fronds ussualy are placed in frond stack line and applied it into infiltration pit. Maintaining soil organic matter will improve the root density of oil palm and the population density of soil macrofauna such as earthworms. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the management effects of oil palm residues on improving soil quality as shown by population density of earthworm and root density in oil palm plantations. The research was carried out at PT. Sampoerna Agro Tbk, IPBD site, South Sumatra. Observations of roots and earthworms were carried out at 11-year-old oil palm plantations. The treatments tested was 3 types of oil palm residues: empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm fronds (PF), and a mix of EFB+PF, applied into an infiltration pit (2m x 1.5m x 1m) compared to the residues applied on soil surface outside infiltration pit. Sampling of earthworms is done by taking a soil monolith-sized 50 cm x 50 cm at a soil layer of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm. The measurements includes root length density per soil volume (Lrv, cm cm-3), and root dry weight (Drv, g cm-3), worm population density (indiv.m-2) and it’s biomass (g m-2). Results the study showed that Lrv and Drv at outside infiltration pit was greater than found inside the pit, that are 0.29 cm cm-3 and 0.002 g cm-3 compared to 0.19 cm cm-3 and 0.0012 g cm-3, respectively. The addition of organic material will add to the content of Corg/Cref and total N in the soil which will increase rooting (Lrv, R2 = 0,7444 and the Drv, R2 = 0,4762). The increased density of palm especially rooting at the lower layer is needed to improve the efficiency of water and nutrient absorption, palm plant adaptation to drought. Relationship between the number and biomass of earthworms with organic total C is weak shown by R2 = 0.2245 and R2 = 0.1653. The addition of organic matter in this study site did not increase the number of earthworms, but the earthworm size found is greater (the average ratio of Biomass/Number of worms = 0.08 g/indiv. increased to 0.18 g/indiv.), this condition increase the potential of increasing soil macroporosity and infiltration, thus increasing the adaptability of oil palm plants to drought.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/697/051810173 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Oil palm, soil organic matter |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Mar 2019 02:33 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 14:54 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/13367 |
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