Agustin, AmiliaWahyu (2016) Pengaruh Pupuk Kalium Terhadap Infeksi Cucumber Mosaic Virus Pada Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis Sativus L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Permintaan pasar akan mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) di dalam negeri terus meningkat terus meningkat (Moekasan et al., 2014), tetapi produksi dari tahun 2009 sampai 2013 mengalami penurunan secara terus-menerus (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2014). Salah satu penghambat budidaya mentimun adalah serangan Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) (Mercure, 1998). Virus ini dapat mengurangi produksi sebanyak 10 20 persen bahkan dapat mencapai 100 persen pada tanaman mentimun yang rentan terhadap CMV (Zitter dan Murphy, 2009). Salah satu tindakan preventif untuk mengendalikan CMV yaitu dengan meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap penyakit dengan pemberian pupuk kalium (K). Pupuk K dapat memperkuat tubuh tanaman sehingga daun, bunga dan buah tidak mudah rontok serta menjadi sumber ketahanan bagi tanaman terhadap cekaman kekeringan dan penyakit (Lingga dan Marsono, 2013). Percobaan dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk K terhadap pola penyebaran gejala CMV, intensitas serangan CMV, pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman mentimun. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2015 hingga Januari 2016 di rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Percobaan diatur menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan enam perlakuan dosis pupuk ZK (50%) diantaranya 0 kg ha-1 (A), 80 kg ha-1 setara dengan 0,78 g (B), 120 kg ha-1 setara dengan 1,18 g (C), 160 kg ha-1 setara dengan 1,56 g (D), 200 kg ha-1 setara dengan 1,96 g (E) dan 240 kg ha-1 setara dengan 2,36 g (F). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang lima kali sehingga terdapat 30 unit percobaan yang mana setiap unit terdiri dari satu tanaman yang ditanam dalam 8 kg media tanam per polybag. Parameter pengamatan meliputi masa inkubasi CMV, intensitas serangan CMV (%), panjang tanaman (cm), jumlah daun tanaman, jumlah buah dan bobot buah rata-rata (g). Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam dengan uji F pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil analisis yang berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Jarak Nyata Duncan (BJND). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk K memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap pola penyebaran gejala CMV pada tanaman mentimun, diantaranya pola mosaik yaitu merata tidak berbatas tegas, merata agak berbatas tegas, merata berbatas tegas dan tidak merata disertai “green islands”. Beberapa pola malformasi yaitu perubahan bentuk dan permukaan daun serta pertumbuhan cabang-cabang kerdil yang tak terkendali juga menyebar merata pada semua tanaman mentimun. Pupuk K menurunkan intensitas serangan CMV pada tanaman mentimun. Intensitas serangan terendah yaitu pemberian ZK (50%) sebanyak 120 kg ha-1 sedangkan intensitas serangan tertinggi yaitu pemberian ZK (50%) sebanyak 240 kg ha-1. Pupuk K meningkatkan produksi tanaman mentimun. Jumlah dan bobot buah terbesar yaitu pemberian ZK (50%) sesuai kebutuhan tanaman sebanyak 80 kg ha-1 sedangkan jumlah dan bobot buah terkecil yaitu pemberian ZK (50%) sebanyak 160 kg ha-1.
English Abstract
Market demand for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Indonesia continues to rise (Moekasan et al., 2014), but production from 2009 to 2013 decreased continuously (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2014). One of the barriers in cucumber cultivation is an attack Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) (Mercure, 1998). This virus can reduce the production of as many as 10 20 percent and even up to 100 percent to the cucumber plants that are susceptible to CMV (Zitter and Murphy, 2009). One of the preventive measures to control CMV is by improve plant resistance to disease by administering potassium (K). K fertilizer was able to enhance plant resistance so that the leaves, flowers and fruits do not easily fall off and be a source of resilience for the plants to stress of drought and diseases (Lingga and Marsono, 2013). Experiment was performed to determine the effect of K fertilizer to the pattern of spread of CMV symptoms, CMV disease intensity, growth and production of cucumber plant. The research was conducted from January 2015 to January 2016 in the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. The experiment was set using a complete randomized design (CRD) with six treatments including dosages ZK (50%) fertilizer 0 kg ha-1 (A), 80 kg ha-1 equivalent to 0,78 g (B), 120 kg ha-1 is equivalent to 1,18 g (C), 160 kg ha-1 equivalent to 1,56 g (D), 200 kg ha-1 equivalent to 1,96 g (E) and 240 kg ha-1 equivalent to 2,36 g (F). Thus, each treatment was replicated five times to obtain 30 experimental units where each unit consists of one crop that was planted in 8 kg of growing media in polybag. The observed parameters in this study were the incubation period of CMV, intensity of CMV (%), the length of the plant (cm), number of leaves of the plant, number of fruits and average fruit weight (g). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (p<0,05) according to General Linear Model. The means were compared by Duncan test (p<0,05). The results showed that K fertilizer provide the same effect on the pattern of spread of CMV symptoms on cucumber plants, which are some mosaic patterns: be spread evenly with unclear boundaries, be spread evenly with rather clear boundaries, be spread evenly with clear boundaries and be spread unevenly accompanied by green islands. Some malformation pattern including changes of the shape and surface of leaves, growth of branches stunted and unbridled also spread evenly on all the cucumber plants. K fertilizers reduce the intensity of CMV on cucumbers. The lowest disease intensity occurred at adding of ZK (50%) amounts 120 kg ha-1 and the highest disease intensity occurred at adding of ZK (50%) amounts 240 kg ha-1. K fertilizers affect the production of cucumbers. The number and weight of the largest fruit occurred at adding of ZK (50%) corresponding to needs of plants that amounts 80 kg ha-1 and the number and weight of the smallest fruit occurred at adding of ZK (50%) amounts 160 kg ha-1.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/122/ 051604064 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Jun 2016 09:58 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Jun 2016 09:58 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131092 |
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