Li`aini, ArrohmatusSyafaqoh (2015) Pengaruh Pestisida Nabati Ekstrak Daun Sirsak terhadap Fisiologi Jamur Entomo-acaripatogen Beauveria bassiana untuk Mematikan Tungau Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tungau Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae) merupakan tungau herbivora yang menyerang berbagai suku tanaman antara lain Solanaceae, Curcubitaceae, dan Malvaceae. Selama ini pengendalian tungau dilakukan melalui aplikasi pestisida sintetik yang menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan, organisme non-target, dan kesehatan manusia. Oleh karena itu diperlukan alternatif pengendalian tungau yang relatif aman, seperti pemanfaatan jamur entomo-acaripatogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin sebagai pestisida hayati. Pendekatan tunggal pada pengendalian hama tidak selalu memberikan hasil optimal. Salah satu cara optimalisasi pengendalian hama terpadu adalah aplikasi pestisida hayati dengan pestisida nabati. Integrasi penggunaan jamur entomo-acaripatogen B. bassiana dan ekstrak daun sirsak (EDS) untuk pengendalian hama memerlukan studi kompatibilitas secara rinci. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh EDS konsentrasi 0,5; 1,0; dan 1,5% terhadap jamur entomo-acaripatogen B. bassiana konsentrasi 104, 106, dan 108 konidia/ml aquades dalam mematikan P. latus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi dan Sub Laboratorium Pengembangan Agens Hayati, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2014. Uji kompatibilitas disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 12 kombinasi perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga terdapat 48 satuan percobaan. Kombinasi perlakuan terdiri dari 3 konsentrasi B. bassiana, yaitu104, 106 dan 108 konidia/ml aquades, dan 4 konsentrasi EDS, yaitu 0 sebagai kontrol, 0,5; 1,0; dan 1,5%. Perlakuan yang menunjukkan nilai kompatibel, akan dilanjutkan untuk uji patogenisitas B. bassiana dan EDS pada imago tungau P. latus. Jika semua perlakuan menunjukkan nilai tidak kompatibel, maka uji patogenisitas pada P. latus dilakukan secara terpisah (uji tunggal). Uji patogenisitas disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 7 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 5 kali, sehingga terdapat 35 satuan percobaan. Perlakuan yang digunakan pada uji patogesitas adalah 3 konsentrasi B. bassiana dan 3 konsentrasi EDS seperti di atas, serta aquades sebagai kontrol. Masing-masing satuan percobaan diaplikasikan pada 10 imago tungau P. latus di arena percobaan dengan metode semprot. Ekstrak daun sirsak konsentrasi 0,5; 1,0; dan 1,5% berpengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jamur entomo-acaripatogen B. bassiana konsentrasi 104, 106, dan 108 konidia/ml aquades. Mortalitas terendah, yaitu 74,00%, terjadi pada tungau yang diaplikasi jamur B. bassiana konsentrasi 104 konidia/ml aquades, sedangkan mortalitas tertinggi, yaitu 100,00%, terjadi pada tungau yang masing-masing diaplikasi jamur B. bassiana konsentrasi 108 konidia/ml aquades dan EDS 1,0%. EDS konsentrasi terendah 0,5% sudah mampu mematikan P. latus.
English Abstract
The broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae) is herbivorous mites that attack a lot of plants family such as Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Malvaceae. In the last few years, mite control is done through the application of synthetic pesticides. The application of synthetic pesticides may cause some negative impacts, such as risk to humans due to chemical residues in agricultural products, environmental pollution, the impact on non-target organisms, and mite resistance. Therefore we need alternative mite control that are relatively safe for farmers, products, and the environment, such as the use of entomo-acaripathogen fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin as biological pesticides. A single approach to pest control does not always give an optimal result. One of the technique to optimize integrated pest management is the application of biological pesticides with botanical pesticides. Integration of the use of the entomo-acaripathogen fungi B. bassiana and botanical pesticides for pest control requires a detailed study of the compatibility. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of soursop leaf extract (ekstrak daun sirsak/EDS) concentration of 0,5; 1,0; and 1,5% to the physiology of entomo-acaripathogen fungi B. bassiana concentration of 104, 106, and 108 conidia/ml of distilled water to kill P. latus. The experiment was conducted in Laboratory of Entomology and Sub Laboratory of Biological Agents Development, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, in March to June 2014. The compatibility tests arranged in Completely Randomized Design with 12 combination treatments and replicated 4 times, so there were 48 experimental units. Combination treatment consisted of three concentrations of B. bassiana, 104, 106 and 108 conidia/ml of distilled water, and 4 concentrations of EDS, 0 as control, 0,5; 1,0; and 1,5%. The combination treatment that showed compatible values, will continue to the pathogenicity test of B. bassiana and EDS in imago P. latus. If all treatments showed incompatible values, then the pathogenicity test will be done separately (single test). Pathogenicity test arranged in Randomized Block Design with 7 treatments and replicated 5 times, so there were 35 experimental units. The treatments used in the test were 3 concentrations of B. bassiana and 3 concentrations of EDS as mentioned above, and distilled water as a control. Each experimental unit was applied at 10 imago P. latus in experimental arena by spray method. Soursop leaf extract concentration of 0,5; 1,0; and 1,5% has negative effect on the growth and development of entomo-acaripatogen fungi B. bassiana concentration of 104, 106, and 108 conidia/ml of distilled water. Lowest mortality i.e. 74,00% occurred in mites were applied by B. bassiana 104 conidia/ml of distilled water, while the highest mortality i.e. 100,00% occurred in mite respectively applied by B. bassiana 108 conidia/ml of distilled water and EDS 1,0%. EDS lowest concentration 0,5% has been able to kill P. latus.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2015/113/051502359 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Apr 2015 13:16 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 04:20 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130086 |
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