Tirtana, ZevitaYunadeGanda (2014) Eksplorasi Jamur Endofit pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L) serta Potensi Antagonismenya Terhadap Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Barry Penyebab Penyakit Hawar Daun Secara In Vitro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L) merupakan tanaman umbi-umbian bernilai ekonomis tinggi yang umbinya bisa dijadikan bahan pangan karena mengandung karbohidrat, mineral, kalori dan vitamin cukup tinggi yang dapat menggantikan bahan pangan karbohidrat yang berasal dari beras, gandum atau jagung untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan yang sudah populer di dunia. Peningkatan permintaan akan kentang ini tidak diimbangi dengan produksinya. Produksi kentang di Indonesia dalam tiga tahun terakhir 2009-2011 mengalami penurunan baik dari produksi dan produktivitasnya karena disebabkan oleh Phytophthora infestans penyebab penyakit hawar daun kentang. Sampai saat ini, patogen penyebab penyakit hawar daun tanaman kentang tersebut masih merupakan masalah krusial dan belum ada varietas tanaman kentang yang benar-benar tahan terhadap penyakit tersebut. Selain jamur patogen yang dapat menurunkan produktivitas kentang, ada beberapa jamur yang dapat berinteraksi dengan inangnya dan memiliki sifat interaksi yang berbeda-beda seperti mutualisme. Jamur endofit memiliki peranan penting pada jaringan tanaman inang yang memperlihatkan interaksi mutualistik, yaitu interaksi positif dengan inangnya dan interaksi negatif terhadap OPT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jamur endofit yang terdapat pada jaringan daun, ranting dan akar tanaman kentang serta potensi antagonismenya terhadap P. infestans penyebab hawar daun tanaman kentang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikologi, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang pada bulan Maret – Oktober 2013. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni metode eksplorasi dan eksperimen. Eksplorasi jamur endofit dari daun, batang dan akar tanaman kentang yang di ambil dari lahan tanaman kentang di Kec. Sumber Brantas, Kota Batu. Eksperimen meliputi uji antagonis jamur endofit yang diperoleh terhadap P. infestans pada media PDA. Jamur endofit yang diperoleh sebanyak 28 isolat jamur dan terdiri 12 genus yang teridentifikasi antara lain Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Chepalosporium sp., Hyalodendron sp., Penicillium sp., Curvularia sp., Botrytis sp., Colletotrichum sp., Paecilomyces sp., Cunninghamella sp., Monascus sp., Acremonium sp., dan 4 jamur yang tidak teridentifikasi antara lain jamur kode S2D1 DM, S4D1 DM, S3A1 6cm dan S4A1. Berdasarkan Uji T semua jamur endofit yang diperoleh berpotensi sebagai antagonis dan persentase daya antagonis tertinggi pada jamur Hyalodendron sp. sebesar 66,56% diikuti jamur Chepalosporium sp. sebesar 61,52%.
English Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is a tuber crops of high economic value which the tuber can be used as foodstuffs because they contain carbohydrates, minerals, calories and vitamins which high enough to replace the carbohydrates foodstuffs derived from rice, grain or corn to fulfill necessary of foodstuffs that has been popular in the world. Increased demand for potato is not balanced by the production. Potato production in Indonesia for the last three years 2009-2011 decreased both production and productivity caused by Phytophthora infestans as the cause of leaf blight of potato. Up to now, the pathogen causes late blight of potato diseases which is still a crucial issue and there is no plant varieties of potato were really resistant to the disease. Moreover, pathogenic fungi that can be decrease productivity of potato, there are several fungi that can interact with the host and have different character interaction such as mutualism. Endophytic fungi have an important role in host plant tissue that shows mutualistic interactions, namely positive interactions with the host and negative interactions against OPT. This research in order to determine the endophytic fungi found in tissues of leaves, branches and roots of potato plant and the potential for antagonism against P. infestans causes late blight of potato plant. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang in March to October 2013. The method used in this study are the methods of exploration and experimental. Exploration of endophytic fungi from leaves, stems and roots of potato plant were taken from potato plant in the district of Sumber Brantas, Batu. The experiment includes testing antagonistic endophytic fungi obtained against P. infestans on PDA media. Endophytic fungi which obtained as much as 28 fungi isolates and consist of 12 genus were identified among other Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Chepalosporium sp., Hyalodendron sp., Penicillium sp., Curvularia sp., Botrytis sp., Colletotrichum sp., Paecilomyces sp ., Cunninghamella sp., Monascus sp., Acremonium sp., and 4 unidentified fungi include fungi code S2D1 DM, S4D1 DM, S3A1 6cm dan S4A1. Based on the test T all of endophytic fungi which obtained potentially as an antagonist and the highest percentage of power for fungi antagonist Hyalodendron sp. amounted to 66.56% followed by fungi Chepalosporium sp. amounted to 61.52%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/27/051400929 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Feb 2014 15:53 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 06:25 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129734 |
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